![]() Writefull is running a separate experiment that involves feeding an abstract into an AI tool, which generates a paper title based on the input. The website tells users not to worry about plagiarism, reassuring them that certain phrases won’t be flagged by a plagiarism checker because they are short and commonly used. “With this database of phrases, when a user struggles with the right word to use for each section, our software will be able to provide good alternatives,” says van Zeeland. Users can choose phrases and connecting sentences to use in their own papers. They found, for example, that the words ‘aim of this study’ occurred most frequently in part 1 of the abstract (where study aim and background are described) and the phrase ‘95% confidence interval’ occurred most often in part 4 (which deals with meaning of results, contribution, future research). The company recently analysed more than 250,000 abstracts to identify the most commonly used phrases in each of four different parts of the abstract. She says AI tools are already powerful enough to improve a writer’s sentence flow and structure, and will continue to improve. Hilde van Zeeland is chief applied linguist at start-up company Writefull, which offers AI-based language editing, and is part of London-based Digital Science (see disclosure, below). It wrote shallow, less descriptive papers than the students, according to EduRef’s write-up on its website, but it took between three and 20 minutes to write a paper, compared to three days for the students. The program was praised for writing excellent openings and transitions, but was criticised for using vague, blunt and awkward language, and for failing to craft a strong narrative. GPT-3 performed in line with the humans, according to EduRef, and received “more or less the same feedback”. The assignments were evaluated by instructors who did not know who (or what) had written them. Grammarly, for example, claims to “inspect your writing carefully to improve clarity, word choice and more”, offering free and fee-based services.īut are these tools up to the task? In an experiment through education information site EduRef, a group of recent graduates, undergraduates and self-described undergraduate-level writers were given the same assignments as GPT-3, an AI language program developed by OpenAI, a research company co-founded by Elon Musk. Deep-learning technologies that run chatbots, spellchecks and auto-generated tweets are being used in a growing number of products pitched at students and academics. Writing tools powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to reduce manuscript preparation time to a few days, or hours.
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